Anatomy by Dana Schwartz

This is a Young Adult novel that very clearly fits that bill. The time is 1817 Scotland. Hazel Sinnett is a lady (like in the royal birth sense of the word) who wants to be a surgeon more than she wants to marry. Jack Currer is a resurrection man who digs up the recently dead and sells them to people who want to study bodies. When Hazel, who has been attending anatomy lectures in the guise of the dead brother, gets discovered and kicked out, she makes a bargain with the lecturer--if she can pass the physician's exam, she will be admitted to the profession and be able to apprentice under him. So she needs Jack, and what he can offer her in terms of corpses and the knowledge she can gain from them, and he helps her with that, but then he brings her patients, and she starts to work with the poor, who have little in the way of options. Together they discover a secret, and she finds an answer that she does not want to find. It is a good story, a bit gothic in tone, and I would read the next in the series.