Radium Girls by Kate Moore

This is a book of pain--chronicling the horrors of what happened to young women who worked with radium and very painful to read the account of it. Almost every page contains an example of suffering: a disintegrating lower jaw that falls from its owner’s mouth onto the breakfast table; a sarcoma the size of a grapefruit growing on a chin; skin rendered so thin that it splits open at the touch of a fingernail. Those afflicted were almost exclusively young women who had, in the two decades after 1917, been employed by two separate companies (in New Jersey and Illinois) painting watches, clocks and military instruments with a luminous mixture containing a tiny amount of radium. They were paid well for what was regarded as glamorous and exciting work; some would find themselves earning more even than their fathers. What they did not know then was that they were also ingesting a substance that, once it had infiltrated their bones, would work slowly but surely to destroy them from the inside. The second half of the book is about the physicians who finally figured out that while a small amount of targeted radiation could cure a patient, the amount the women ingested was poisoning them and once that was discovered, the lengths that the company went to to avoid compensating them, as well as not preventing it from happening to others. Their eventual success in court led to reforms in the work place that made it possible to work more safely on the Manhattan Project, and with radioactive material in the future. It is a harrowing tale and a difficult read.